1.Osteoarthritis:

● Exercise Programs: Customized exercises help strengthen muscles around affected joints, improving joint stability and reducing pain. Education: Patients learn techniques for joint protection, proper posture, and activity modification to manage symptoms.

● Manual Therapy: Techniques like joint mobilization or manipulation can alleviate stiffness and improve joint range of motion.

● Modalities: Heat, ice, or ultrasound therapy can provide pain relief and reduce inflammation in arthritic joints.

● Education: Patients learn techniques for joint protection, proper posture, and activity modification to manage symptoms.

2.Low Back Pain)

● Core Strengthening: Exercises targeting the muscles of the abdomen and lower back help improve spinal stability and reduce pain.

● Flexibility Training: Stretching exercises alleviate tightness in muscles that contribute to back pain.

● Postural Education: Proper body mechanics and ergonomics are taught to prevent future episodes of back pain.

● Manual Therapy: Techniques such as spinal manipulation or mobilization can provide immediate pain relief and restore mobility.

3.Rotator Cuff Injury

● Range of Motion Exercises: Gradual exercises help restore shoulder mobility while avoiding further strain on the injured rotator cuff.

● Modalities: Ice, heat, or electrical stimulation can aid in pain management and reduce inflammation.

● Functional Training: Activities are tailored to mimic daily tasks to ensure the shoulder can function optimally in real-life situations.

4.Knee Ligament Injuries (e.g., ACL Tear)

● Preoperative Rehabilitation: Strengthening and range of motion exercises prepare the knee for surgery and improve outcomes postoperatively.

● Postoperative Rehabilitation: Gradual progression of exercises helps regain strength, stability, and function of the knee after surgery.

● Balance and Proprioception Training: Exercises to improve balance and coordination reduce the risk of reinjury and improve overall knee function.

5. Fractures

● Early Mobilization: Physical therapists assist in safely initiating movement to prevent complications like joint stiffness or muscle atrophy.

● Weight-Bearing Progression: Patients are guided through exercises to gradually regain strength and weight-bearing capacity in the affected area.

● Functional Training: Activities are tailored to restore independence in daily activities while ensuring safety and proper healing.